Site Glossary

A conservative analytic rule used to infer which output of a transaction is likely ‘change’ returning to the sender (not definitive on its own).

A computed value used to verify data integrity. Checksums detect accidental corruption but are not necessarily cryptographically secure.

CIP-007 is a NERC CIP standard that focuses on the management of system security, including vulnerability assessments, patch management, and monitoring of industrial systems. It ensures that critical ICS systems are protected against cyber threats.

Ciphertext is the encrypted form of plaintext produced by applying a cryptographic algorithm and key. Ciphertext should appear random and unintelligible without the appropriate decryption key.

A model for delivering computing resources (servers, storage, networking, databases, and software) over the internet on a pay-as-you-go basis. Cloud computing enables scalability, elasticity, automation, and global distribution of workloads.

Data stored in remote services such as email, social platforms, file storage, backups, and SaaS systems. Cloud evidence often requires legal process and careful scope definition, and investigators must preserve provider return packages and verify integrity upon receipt.

A geographically isolated location containing multiple data centers where cloud services are deployed.

The Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) is a U.S. Department of Defense standard designed to ensure cybersecurity across the defense industrial base. ICS systems used in defense applications must meet CMMC requirements to protect sensitive information.

CoAP is a specialized web transfer protocol designed for resource-constrained devices, commonly used in IoT environments. It enables efficient communication between IoT devices using a simple request/response model similar to HTTP.

The first transaction in a block that creates the block reward for the miner/validator; it has no standard inputs.